Prognostic analysis of children with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia common genes / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical data and prognosis of children with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) common genes. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.Clinical data of 56 children with Ph-like ALL common gene cases (Ph-like ALL positive group) treated from January 2017 to January 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Henan Cancer's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital were collected, 69 children with other high-risk B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) at the same time and the same age were selected as the negative group. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of two groups were analyzed retrospectively. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival curve, Log-Rank test was used for univariate analysis, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognosis analysis. Results: Among 56 Ph-like ALL positive patients, there were 30 males and 26 females, and 15 cases were over 10 years old. There were 69 patients in Ph-like ALL negative group. Compared with the negative group, the children in positive group were older (6.4 (4.2, 11.2) vs. 4.7 (2.8, 8.4) years), and hyperleukocytosis (≥50×109/L) was more common (25% (14/56) vs. 9% (6/69)), the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). In the Ph-like ALL positive group, 32 cases were positive for IK6 (1 case was co-expressed with IK6 and EBF1-PDGFRB), 24 cases were IK6-negative, of which 9 cases were CRLF2 positive (including 2 cases with P2RY8-CRLF2, 7 cases with CRLF2 high expression), 5 cases were PDGFRB rearrangement, 4 cases were ABL1 rearrangement, 4 cases were JAK2 rearrangement, 1 case was ABL2 rearrangement and 1 case was EPOR rearrangement. The follow-up time of Ph-like ALL positive group was 22 (12, 40) months, and 32 (20, 45) months for negative group. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of positive group was significantly lower than the negative group ((72±7) % vs. (86±5) %, χ2=4.59, P<0.05). Compared with the 24 IK6-negative patients, the 3-year event free survival (EFS) rate of 32 IK6 positive patients was higher, the difference was statistically significant ((88±9) % vs. (65±14) %, χ2=5.37, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) not turning negative at the end of first induction (HR=4.12, 95%CI 1.13-15.03) independent prognostic risk factor for patient with Ph-like ALL common genes. Conclusions: Children with Ph-like ALL common genes were older than other high-risk B-ALL patients at diagnosis, with high white blood cells and lower survival rate. The bone marrow MRD not turning negative at the end of first induction were independent prognostic risk factor for children with Ph-like ALL common gene.

Application of high-speed counter current chromatography in extraction and separation of alkaloids in natural products / 中国中药杂志

Alkaloids, widespread in plants, have a series of pharmacological activities and have been widely used to treat various diseases. Because alkaloids are usually presented in multicomponent mixtures and are deeply low in content, they are very difficult to extract and separate by traditional methods. High-speed counter current chromatography(HSCCC) is a kind of liquid-liquid chromatography without solid support phase, which has the advantages of large injection volume, low cost, and no irreversible adsorption. Compared with the traditional methods of extraction and separation of alkaloids, HSCCC can ensure the separation of many different alkaloids at one time, with a high recovery and large amount. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of HSCCC compared with traditional separation methods were discussed and the solvent system and elution mode of HSCCC used to separate alkaloids in recent years were summarized by referring to the relevant literature to provide some references for the separation of alkaloids by HSCCC.

Clinicopathological and therapeutic analysis of Castleman's disease in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, pathological phenotype, treatment and prognosis of Castleman's disease in children. Methods: Clinical data of 15 children diagnosed with Castleman's disease in Henan Provincial People's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2010 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and histopathological data were analyzed. Results: Among the 15 Castleman's disease patients, 12 were males and 3 females. The age of first visit was 12 (10, 15) years. The time from mass discovery to pathologic diagnosis was 9.0 (2.0, 13.0) months. The majority of patients were unicentric (13 cases), and the histopathological type was hyaline vascular (11 cases). Unicentric lesions were most common in the neck (11 cases), all 13 patients received complete surgical resection of the lesions, the follow-up time was 20.0 (13.5, 50.5) months, and the prognosis was good. Two cases were multicentric type, the pathological types were mixed variant, meeting the criteria of idiopathic Castleman's disease, the two children underwent partial surgical resection, one was treated with rituximab and prednisone and the other was treated with thalidomide and prednisone. The follow-up time was 32 months and 10 month, both of them had good prognosis. Conclusions: Most cases of Castleman's disease in children are diagnosed late, and the unicentric type is dominant. The most common pathological type is hyaline vascular, which is characterized by painless lymphadenopathy, while multicentric type has systemic symptoms and both of them have a good overall prognosis.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 83 children with newly treated hepatoblastoma / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, survival and prognostic risk factors of children with hepatoblastoma (HB). Methods: Clinical data of 83 children with newly treated HB at the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The sex, age, first clinical manifestations, pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) stages, pathological types, initial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), treatment methods and treatment outcome of all patients were summarized. The children diagnosed before 2018 were treated with "Wuhan Protocol", and those who diagnosed after 2018 were treated with the "Expert Consensus for Multidisciplinary Management of Hepatoblastoma"(CCCG-HB-2016) protocol. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the survival rate, Log-Rank test was used in univariate analysis, and the Cox regression model was used in multivariate prognosis analysis. Results: Among 83 cases, there were 51 males and 32 females. The age of onset was 25.2 (9.0, 34.0) months old, and 64 cases (77%) were under 3 years old. The most common first clinical manifestation was abdominal mass in 45 cases (54%). There were 8 cases of PRETEXT stage Ⅰ, 43 cases of stage Ⅱ, 20 cases of stage Ⅲ and 12 cases of stage Ⅳ. During the follow-up period of 40 (17, 63) months, the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate and event-free survival (EFS) rate were (84±4) % and (79±5) %, respectively, and 5-year OS rate and EFS rate were (78±5) % and (76±5) %, respectively. Fifty-five cases were treated with "Wuhan Protocol", and the 5-year OS and EFS rate were (73±6) % and (71±6) %, respectively. Twenty-eight cases were treated with CCCG-HB-2016 protocol, and the 5-year OS and EFS rate were (88±7) % and (82±9) %, respectively. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that AFP did not turn negative after 3 courses of postoperative chemotherapy (HR=9.228, 95%CI 1.017-83.692) and PRETEXT stage Ⅳ (HR=6.587, 95%CI 1.687-25.723) were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with HB. Conclusions: The "Wuhan Protocol" and CCCG-HB-2016 protocol were effective in the treatment of children with HB. AFP did not turn negative after 3 courses of postoperative chemotherapy and PRETEXT stage Ⅳ were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with HB.

Clinical analysis of 3 cases of mucormycosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and literature review / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with mucormycosis, and to improve the understanding of the disease. Methods: The clinical data of 3 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) complicated with mucormycosis treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between October 2020 and January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Literature search and review covered the China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang database and Pubmed using the keywords of "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" and "mucormycosis" up to June 2021. Results: Case 1, a 12-year-old boy, was diagnosed with ALL, developed fever and chest pain during induction therapy. The Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing of alveolar perfusion fluid suggested infection with Rhizopus oryzae. Amphotericin B combined with posaconazole was applied and amphotericin B was removed after improvement. Bone destruction was indicated by CT. Amphotericin B was applied again. Case 2, a 4-year-old boy, with a history of pallor and tetter, was diagnosed with ALL. He developed cough and fever during induction therapy. mNGS of blood suggested infection with Rhizomucor pusillus. Amphotericin B combined with voriconazole was applied, but the situation was not significantly improved. The disseminated infection occurred. Amphotericin B combined with posaconazole was applied and vacuum sealing drainage was performed. Case 3, a 2-year-old girl, was diagnosed with ALL, developed fever and cough during induction therapy. Rhizomucor pusillus was indicated by mNGS. Amphotericin B combined with posaconazole was used, and posaconazole was stopped after improvement. Follow-up until June 2021, the condition of the 3 children improved. There was no recurrent Mucor infection, and the primary hematopathy was in complete remission. According to the literature, 7 reports were found in Chinese journals, while 17 reports were found in English literature, 25 cases have been reported. Among a total of 28 children, 11 cases rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis, four pulmonary mucormycosis, 2 cutaneous mucormycosis, 2 gastrointestinal mucormycosis and 9 disseminated mucormycosis. There were 17 cases developed infection during induction chemotherapy, 8 cases during maintenance therapy, 3 cases after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Voriconazole was used in 15 cases; 19 cases were treated with combined surgery, 7 cases were treated with drugs only, 2 cases were untreated; 21 cases showed improvement after treatment. Death occurred in seven cases. Conclusions: ALL complicated with mucormycosis often occurs in the stage of induction therapy. The clinical features lacked specificity, mNGS can help find the pathogen and provide evidence for diagnosis. Surgical treatment also could be combined when necessary, which is helpful to improve the prognosis.

Screening Serum Differential Proteins in Children with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Based on iTRAQ Technique / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the serum differentially expressed proteins of APL in children.@*METHODS@#Serum protein expression profiles from 20 cases of normal healthy controls, and 20 cases of APL patients were detected by iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification)labeling coupled with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(2DLC-MS/MS), and analyzed by bioinformatics software. S100A8, LRG1 and SPARC were validated by ELISA. ROC was built by SPSS 20.0 software.@*RESULTS@#Analysis identified 83 differentially expressed proteins in APL serum compared with control according to our defined criteria, of which 33 proteins were up-regulated and 50 proteins were down-regulated (P<0.05)．IPA analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were related to the function of Cellular Movement, Immune Cell Trafficking, Hematological System Development and Function, Cell-To-Cell Signaling and Interaction, Tissue Development, and involved in a variety of signalling Pathways, the most representative pathways including LXR/RXR Activation and Acute Phase Response Signaling. S100A8 and LRG1 were found to be elevated and SPARC was markedly down-regulated in serum of childhood APL when compared to the normal controls as examined by ELISA (P<0.05), which was consistent with the iTRAQ result. The overall predictive accuracy of each protein was reflected by the area under the ROC curve(AUC), S100A8,LRG1 and SPARC with ROC areas of 0.841,1.000 and 0.944 respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#S100A8,LRG1 and SPARC may be serve as serum candidate biomarkers for pediatric APL.

Progress in metabolomics research of diabetes / 药学学报

Diabetes is a metabolic disease with an extremely high incidence in China. In parallel with an increased incidence yearly, the population of diabetes is showing a trend towards younger age. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research on diabetes in order to develop strategy for prevention. In recent years, metabolomics has made significant progress in the study of biomarkers, pathogenesis, early diagnosis and prognosis, and evaluation of drug efficacy in diabetes. However, limited by metabolomics technology and the complexity of diabetes research, metabolomics in the diabetes research remains challenging. We summarize the progress and prospect the future development of metabolomics in the diabetes research.

Progress on relationship between transforming growth factor-beta1 and tendinopathy / 中国骨伤

As a common soft tissue disease, the mechanism of tendinopathy has not been clarified and is lack of effective treatment method. Change of tissue fibrosis is the one of the main pathological features. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), which is one of the important factor, participated in fibrosis. Inconsonant expressions of TGF-β1 could be found in tendinopathy. The studies are still controversial, but the vast majority of studies had showed that TGF-β1 was abnormal, and it is given priority to increase, which means that TGF-β1 plays an important role in the process of tendinopathy. In the process of tendon injuries and repairs, the time of TGF-β1 increasing is inconsistent. The time for TGF-β1 plays a significant role has not been determined. TGF-β1 has abnormal expressions in both tendinopathy and tendon repairs, which are two opposite processes. Thus, it may not be a one-way adjustment factor, but has a pleiotropic. Recent studies showed that TGF-β1 was considered as binding to receptor and transferring signal into the cell. Now there are three different receptors are found. The classical pathway of TGF-β1 in intracellular signal transduction is mainly through activation of Smad pathway. In the same time, there are also some non-classical pathways. TGF-β1 could break balance of extracellular matrix, which may be a reason to cause tendinopathy. But the regulations of TGF-β1 on the extracellular matrix are complex and diverse, further studies are required. Existing researches showed that the performance of treatments on tendinopathy is unsatisfied by blocking TGF-β1 downstream pathway. Therefore, it is a good way to study the upstream mechanism of produce TGF-β1. It may be an effective method to find new targets to inhibit the development of tendinopathy better by finding the original source of TGF-β1.

Clinical features and prognosis of malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in children: a clinical analysis of 24 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MAHS) in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was performed for the primary diseases, clinical features, and prognosis of 24 children with MAHS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 24 children, 11 (46%) had MAHS induced by tumor and 13 (54%) had chemotherapy-associated MAHS. As for primary diseases, 17 children had acute leukemia, 6 had lymphoma, and 1 had neuroblastoma. The most common clinical manifestations were pyrexia, respiratory symptoms, and hepatosplenomegaly. The most common laboratory abnormalities were hemocytopenia, elevated serum ferritin, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Of the 24 children, 22 were treated according to the HLH-2004 protocol and 2 gave up treatment; 18 children died, 1 was lost to follow-up, and 5 survived. The survival time ranged from 3 days to 2 years and 4 months (median 28 days).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Children with MAHS have various clinical features and extremely poor treatment outcomes.</p>

Study of brain perfusion with IVIM-DWI in early hypertension / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the value of intra-voxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging(IVIM-DWI)in brain perfusion of early hypertensive patients. Methods Totally 36 hypertensive patients and 14 volunteers were recruited and scanned using routine MRI sequences including axial T2WI, T1WI, T2FLAIR, TOF-MRA and IVIM-DWI sequence. Perfusion-related diffusion coefficient (D*) values and perfusion fraction (f) values in various regions were measured separately.The independent sample t test was used to analyze the data.Results Compared with the volunteers,both D*values and f values in lenticular nucleus,thalamus,superior frontal gyrus,occipital lobe,genu of corpus callosum(CC)and posterior horns of periventricular WM, were found to be lower (P<0.05) in hypertensive patients. For other regions, there were no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion IVIM-DWI has the ability to detect subtle brain perfusion abnormalities at early stages of hypertension.It has an important value to the prevention and treatment of hypertensive encephalopathy.

ITRAQ Coupled with 2DLC-MS/MS to Screen and Identify Speci-fic Bio-markers of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen and identify potential biomarkers specific for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sera were collected from 20 newly diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients and 20 T-ALL patients. Proteins were extracted, purified and digested with trypsin. All specimens were analyzed by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2DLC-MS/MS) in a data-dependent mode. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze the expression of serum soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 468 proteins were identified from distinct peptides. Compared with B-ALL group, 31 proteins were significantly differentially up-regulated while 7 proteins were significantly down-regulated in T-ALL group, sL-selectin was the higher up-regulated in these differential expression proteins. The overexpression of sL-selectin in T-ALL was verified by ELISA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are the differentially expressed proteins between T-ALL and B-ALL, and the sL-selectin is specific for T-ALL, which can not only become a new biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of T-ALL, but also can be used as a potential target for therapy of this leukemia.</p>

Expression of CD146 in Adult and Children's Acute B Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Significance / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the differences of CD146 expression in adult and children's acute B cell lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL), and its relation with clinical features, molecular biological and cytogenctic claracteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of CD146 in bone marrow samples from adult and children's B-ALL patients were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) and the relation of CD146 abnormal high expression with the patients' clinical features, molecular biological and cytogenetical characteristics, as well as other antigens were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The abnormal high expression rates of CD146 in adult and children's B-ALL patients were 29.17% and 9.09% respectively, showing that the expression rate of CD146 in adult patients was higher than that in children's patients(P<0.05). In adult B-ALL, CD146 was positively related with CD64 and CD117, while in children's B-ALL CD146 was positively related with CD71 and CD58 (P<0.05). After 1 course of standardized chemotherapy, the complete remission rates in adult and children's B-ALL patients with abnormal high expression of CD146 both were low as compared with adult and children's B-ALL without abnormal high expression of CD146 (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression rate of CD146 in adult B-ALL is higher than that in children's B-ALL. The CD146 positively relates with poor prognostic antigens, the CD146 may be one poor prognosis marker.</p>

Lignanoids from an aqueous extract of the roots of Codonopsis pilosula / 药学学报

Sixteen lignanoids were isolated from an aqueous extract of the commonly used Chinese traditional medicine Dangshen, the dried roots of Codonopsis pilosula, by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, sephadex LH-20, and reversed phase semi-preparative HPLC. On the basis of spectral data analysis, their structures were elucidated and identified as (-)-(7R, 7'R, 8R, 8'S)-4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3', 5, 5', 7-pentamethoxy-2, 7'-cyclolignane (1), (-)-(7R, 8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1"'→2")-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (-)-(7R, 8S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (3), (+)-(7S, 8R)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4), (+)-balanophonin (5), (+)-demethoxypinoresinol (6), (+)-pinoresinol (7), (+)-epipinoresinol (8), (-)-syringaresinol (9), (-)-medioresinol (10), (-)-lariciresinol (11), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (12), (-)-ent-isolariciresinol (13), (+)-(7S, 8S)-3-methoxy-3', 7-expoxy-8, 4'-neolignan-4, 9, 9'-triol (14), (+)-(7S, 8R)-3', 4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-8, 4'-neolignan (15), and (-)-(7R, 8R)-3', 4-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-8, 4'-neolignan (16). All these compounds were isolated from C. pilosula for the first time, while compound 1 is a new natural product of 2, 7'-cyclolignan and 2 is a new 4', 7-epoxy-8, 3'-neolignan diglucoside. Compound 12 showed activity against Fe2+-cysteine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation with an inhibition ratio of (63.4±8.3)% at 1×10-5 mol·L-1.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined Electrical Stimulation on Coanitive Function of Patients Receiving Extracerebral Intervention / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine combined electrical stimulation on cognitive function of neurosurgical diseases patients treated by extracerebral intervention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 122 patients with neurosurgical diseases who underwent selective intervention were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group, 61 cases in each group. Patients in the control group recieved anesthesia by dexmedetomidine. Those in the observation group received electrical stimulation at Baihui (DU20), Yintang ( EX-HN3), and Neiguan (PC6) before dexmedetomidine anesthesia. The cognitive function of patients at preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 1 was respectively evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE). Serum NSE, S-100β, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were detected in the two groups before intervention and immediately after intervention using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MMSE scores of two groups were significantly reduced at post-intervention day 1, as compared with one day before intervention. MMSE score of the observation group at post-intervention day 1 was (23.15 ± 1.87) points, significantly higher than that of the control group [ (19.34 ± 1.64) points , (P < 0.05)]. The postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) incidence rate of the observation group was 16.4% (10/61), significantly lower than that of the control group [39.3% (24/61); P < 0.05]. Compared with before intervention, NSE and S-100β protein levels, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-TNF levels of the two groups increased (P < 0.05). Post-intervention NSE and S-100β protein levels, IL-1β, IL-6 and α-TNF levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100β, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.</p>

High Mobility Group Chromosal Protein N2 Is Expected to be as A Target of Cellular Immunetherapy in Leukemia and Tumors / 中国实验血液学杂志

Recently, chimeric antigen receptors T cells (CAR T) have made a breakthrough in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia, open a new path for the tumor cellular immunetherapy. It is the key for CAR T to take the gene which can identify the CD19 antigen of lymphoblastic leukemia into lymphocytes, enable it to kill leukemia cells with specific cell-surface loci. The same principle also applies to other aspects, if we find specific target genes of lymphocytes. Recent studies have found that high mobility group protein N2 (high mobility group chromosal protein N2, HMGN2) is the excellent target of tumor-associated antigen in lymphocytes, is the antitumor effector molecule of CD8(+) T cells, which has the ability of trends and specific identify/binding in myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, cervical cancer and other tumor cells. HMGN2 is expected to be used for the preparation of specific identification of tumor lymphocytes and to treat more leukemia and tumors. This article focuses on the strucure and function of HMGN and the chemotaxis and antitumor effect of HMGN2 in leukemia and tumors.

Network Pharmacology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Research: Methodologies and Applications / 中草药·英文版

The inception of network pharmacology comes from the advance in "multi-target, multi-drug" paradigm and opens up a new field for pharmaceutical science. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is well-known for its use of medicinal herb combinations to treat the functional disorders induced by diseases through a holistic view, which naturally followed the principal of network pharmacology. In this review, the methodologies of network pharmacology in TCM studies were summarized. Specifically, the methodologies for network construction and network analysis were discussed in detail by following several TCM study cases. The perspectives for TCM network pharmacology were also provided.

Treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia with CD19-specific modified chimeric antigen receptor T cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Bioengineered T cells, which are the genetically manipulated T cells to express chimeric antigen receptor T Cell (CAR T) against leukemia-associated specific antigens, were applied to treat acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia with CAR T. CAR T cells combined with cell-surface binding site and anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor can treat diseases through T cells transfection. CAR T cells can recognize the CD19 antigen on B cells with specific cell-surface loci. CAR T cells can proliferate by 1000 times and differentiate in vivo by the CD19 antigen stimulation, therefore, kill the acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells effectively. This article briefly reviews the CAR T cells and the effect of CAR T cells on acute and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia.

Enhancing mucosal immunity in mice by recombinant adenovirus expressing major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 capsid protein delivered with cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides

A recombinant replication-defective adenovirus expressing the major epitopes of porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) capsid protein (rAd/Cap/518) was previously constructed and shown to induce mucosal immunity in mice following intranasal delivery. In the present study, immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with a combination of rAd/Cap/518 and cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) were evaluated in mice. The levels of PCV-2-specific IgG in serum and IgA in saliva, lung, and intestinal fluids were significantly higher in the group immunized with rAd/Cap/518 and CpG ODN than animals immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies of IL-2-secreting CD4+ T cells and IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the combined immunization group than mice immunized with rAd/Cap/518 alone. The frequencies of CD3+, CD3+CD4+CD8-, and CD3+CD4-CD8+ T cells in the combined immunization group were similar to that treated with CpG ODN alone, but significantly higher than mice that did not receive CpG ODN. PCV-2 load after challenge in the combined immunization group was significantly lower than that in the phosphate-buffered saline placebo group and approximately 7-fold lower in the group treated with CpG ODN alone. These results indicate that rAd/Cap/518 combined with CpG ODN can enhance systemic and local mucosal immunity in mice, and represent a promising synergetic mucosal vaccine against PCV-2.

Antibacterial metabolites from Penicillium sp. I09F 484 / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the antibacterial agents from the culture broth of Penicillium sp. I09F 484. METHODS: The compounds were purified by a combination of chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified by IR, MS, CD, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data analysis. The antimicrobial activities of the isolates were evaluated by the micro-broth dilution method and the antiviral activities were also assessed. RESULTS: Eight compounds were identified from the cultures of strain I09F 484. Their structures were elucidated as patulin(1), gentisyl alcohol(2), 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol(3), 2-methylhydroquinone(4), (45, 55)-4, 5-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohex-2-enone(5), epiepoformin(6), thymidine(7), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (8). Compound 1 displayed moderate antibacterial activities with MICs ranging 64-128 μg · mL-1 against a number of pathogenic strains, while 4 was active against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Compound 2 displayed antiviral activity against influenza A strains A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) nd A/Hanfang/359/95( H3N2) viruses, with IC50 values of 5.0 and 5.9 μmol · L-1 Respectively. Compound 4 inhibited Coxsackie virus B3 replication, with an IC50 value of 149.4 μmol · L-1. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-5 are obtained from the strain for the first time. The antibacterial activity of the crude extracts is mainly due to the presence of the known patulin (1). Compounds 2 and 4 show moderate influenza and Coxsackie virus B3 inhibitory activity and the antiviral activities are first assessed.

Relative factors of relapse in children with aplastic anemia treated with antithymocyte globulin combined with cyclosporine / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the relative factors of relapse in children with aplastic anemia (AA) treated with antithymocyte globulin(ATG) combined with cyclosporine.Methods A retrospective analysis of the risk factors of relapse in children with AA after response to immunosuppressive therapy(IST).All patients received IST from Jan.2007 to Dec.2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.IST:ATG 3 mg/(kg · d) × 5 d,cyclosporine 5-8 mg/(kg · d).Results (1) The basic cure rate was 29.4％ (25/85 cases),remission and obvious progress rate was 47.0％ (40/85 cases),and 20 cases were ineffective,the overall incidence of remission was 76.5％ (65/85 cases),basic cure,remission and obvious progress were considered as effective.The relapse rate was 12.3％ (8/65 cases).(2)Relapse was relative with cyclosporine concentration,infections episodes.And it was not relative with severity of disease,age,sex,duration of AA prior to initial treatment,severity of response.Conclusions A significant proportion of patients subsequently relapsed and required second-line therapy.Early IST,long-time continuation-maintenance of cyclosporine and the reduction of infectious episodes are important to prevent relapse.